The second lecture - "The capacity of meaning-making that precedes language: on some
biosemiotic thoughts" - will (1) describe a history of biological structuralism as a parallel counterpart of linguistic and anthropological structuralism, (2) demonstrate the role of biological structuralism for a semiotic biology, and (3) to describe some debates in the contemporary biosemiotics that may become important for a linguistic thought. The latter includes the question of describing the major differences between the living systems on the basis of an operational typology of signs.